A thermo-hydro-chemo-mechanical coupled model for natural gas hydrate-bearing sediments considering gravity effect. Zhigang Ye, Lujun Wang, Bin Zhu, Haibing Shao, Wenjie Xu, Yunmin Chen.Research Development in the Traditional Methods and Water Flow Erosion for Natural Gas Hydrate Production: A Review. Huiru Sun, Bingbing Chen, Zhenyu Zhu, Lei Zhang, Mingjun Yang, Yongchen Song.Numerical simulation of gas extraction performance from hydrate reservoirs using double-well systems. Lin Dong, Yanlong Li, Nengyou Wu, Yizhao Wan, Hualin Liao, Huajian Wang, Yajuan Zhang, Yunkai Ji, Gaowei Hu, Yuri Leonenko.Applications of the Discrete Element Method for Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments: Recent Advances and Perspectives. The Development of Clathrate Hydrate Science. Methane Hydrate Dissociation in Quartz Sand by Depressurization Combined with Microwave Stimulation. Yue Zhu, Xuhui Li, Pengfei Wang, Yun Li, Shengli Li, Volodymyr Bondarenko, Andrii Dreus, Xiaoyang Li, Jinlong Zhu, Baochang Liu.Benefiting from multiple theoretical enhancement mechanisms such as replenishing energy to HBS with in-situ heat generation powders, cementing and strengthening the HBS skeleton, improving the gas permeability in HBS, decreasing the WGR based on blocking water, and removing gas characteristics of hydration products, this method could be expected to achieve promising long-term performance of gas production, which will be theoretically and practically significant to study commercial gas production. Given this, a new method for enhanced gas production from HBS based on the combination of depressurization (DP) and an in-situ heat generation method is proposed. The unfavorable situation mainly comprises the insufficient sensible heat, extremely low thermal conductivity, and ultralow permeability of HBS, lower gas production rate and its intense fluctuations, higher water-to-gas ratio (WGR), geological deformation, and subsidence of HBS attributed to excessive sand production, driving the consideration of some possible solutions. On the basis of laboratory experiments and field trials, key challenges restricting safe and efficient NGH development, and the existing research gaps reflecting these challenges, are also presented from the gas production, security, and economic aspects. This paper introduces nearly all the conventional and latest NGH exploitation methods and reviews field trials’ development characteristics. Therefore, it is appropriate and significant to discuss researchers’ achievements to exploit NGH and summarize their potential benefits and challenges. However, until now, most methods are still being validated and not have not been identified to exploit NGH commercially. Researchers worldwide are committed to developing a safe, efficient, and economical method of gas recovery from HBS. Safe, efficient, and economical gas recovery from hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS) is a severe issue that determines if natural gas hydrate (NGH), as an alternative energy in the future as fossil fuels approach depletion, is applied.
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There is no medical test that proves whether someone is suffering from a temporary bout of sleepless nights or a more serious disorder. About one in 10 people in the US suffer from it during their lifetime. The classic form has no known cause, yet is widespread. The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) identifies the condition as "difficulty getting or staying asleep, or having non-refreshing sleep for at least one month". Instead, it is generally thought of as a string of otherwise peaceful nights during which a patient can't fall asleep when he or she wants to. One night of bad sleep because of a blaring car alarm or an upcoming stressful day at work doesn't classify as insomnia. Part of the reason is that science, as a whole, has a fuzzy definition of what constitutes the disorder. This problem compounds itself each night, leading to a state of chronic insomnia. In the same way, sleep becomes more elusive as a person's sleep needs become more urgent. After he posed that challenge to research subjects, Wegner found that the average person becomes anxious as his or her mind constantly monitors its progress toward its goal, caught up in the second-by-second process of self-assessment. Your initial reaction most likely is to tighten up. To illustrate this concept, imagine someone telling you that you will be judged on how quickly you can relax. The cause is often the brain's refusal to give up its unequalled ability to think about itself, a metaphenomenon that Harvard professor Daniel M Wegner has called "the ironic process of mental control". Taking care of insomnia may therefore calm other aspects of a patient's life.Īnd yet insomnia is a unique and difficult condition to treat because it is self-inflicted. Mental health experts increasingly view depression or anxiety as an effect, rather than a cause, of insomnia. Is sleeplessness a result of another condition such as depression, or is the insomnia the root of the other problem? One report by the US National Institute of Mental Health found that depression rates were 40 times higher for patients with insomnia than those without sleep problems. "It is a precious good … but it is a good like none other, because to obtain it one must seemingly give up the imperative to have it."įor doctors, insomnia presents a chicken or egg problem. "The condition of sleep is profoundly contradictory," notes Emily Martin, a professor at New York University who has studied insomnia. As they lie in bed, many are caught in the classic paradox of insomnia: wanting sleep so badly that they can't get it. E very night, about a third of adults have problems falling or staying asleep that aren't related to a persistent sleep disorder. This has led researchers to believe that auxin accumulation as well as decreases in auxin levels might control different phases of primordium development. It affects transcription factors that control the upregulation or downregulation of auxin genes that relate to growth. It is believed to control these processes by binding to a specific receptor on plant cells and influences gene expression. There is a lot of current research being conducted to explain the role that it assists in the process of plant primordium. Auxin concentrations affect mitosis, cell expansion, as well as cell differentiation. Auxin's Role in Primordial Development Īuxin is a group of plant hormones, or phytohormones, that plays a key role in almost all areas of the growth and development of plants. At least in wheat plants, leaf primordium initiation rates increase with increasing ambient temperature, and the leaf number of some varieties decrease with increasing daylength. Primordia are initiated by local cell division and enlargement on the shoot apical meristem. The process of lateral root primordium initiation has been studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, though the process in other angiosperms is still under analysis. Though primordia are typically only found in new flower and leaf growth, root primordia in plants can also be found, but are typically referred to as lateral root primordium or adventitious roots. In pines, the leaf primordia develop into buds, which eventually elongate into shoots, then stems, then branches. Primordia initiation is the precursor for the start of a primordium, and typically confers new growth (either flowers or leaves) in plants once fully mature. This bulging is caused by slower and less anisotropic, or directionally dependent, growth. Flower primordia start off as a crease or indentation and later form into a bulge. Flower primordia are the little buds we see at the end of stems, from which flowers will develop. These new leaves form near the top of the shoot and resemble knobby outgrowths or inverted cones. Leaf primordia are groups of cells that will form into new leaves. There is still much to understand about the genes involved in primordium development. The plant hormone auxin has also been implicated in this process, with the new primordium being initiated at the placenta, where the auxin concentration is highest. Genes including STM (shoot meristemless) and CUC (cup-shaped cotyledon) are involved in defining the borders of the newly formed primordium. The process of primordium development is intricately regulated by a set of genes that affect the positioning, growth and differentiation of the primordium. Primordium development in plants is critical to the proper positioning and development of plant organs and cells. Plants produce both leaf and flower primordia cells at the shoot apical meristem (SAM). The more you practice and play, the higher your level! Increase your brain power! The best part about these challenges is that they're varied and fit for all ages! Whatever your starting point is, you'll find the right brainteaser! It has to be challenging enough to keep you on your toes without being so tough that it's frustrating. Only the best players can outsmart an artificial brain! Some will put your intellect against another player, while other challenges force you to face a computer. However, humanity is much smarter now than 2000 years ago! The same goes for the games that they play! Nowadays, you can find many thinking games to help your logic and strategy. As you can imagine, this clever game and its rules inspired some of the most famous logic games today! Can you believe that it's over 2,500 years old? Some people still play it today! It seems like our ancestors loved to test their smarts in a fun way! Therefore, it's no surprise that one of the oldest games in the world is Go, a board game based on logic and strategy. Given that they're both educational and entertaining, thinking challenges have existed for thousands of years. After all, there's no better way to learn than through having fun! On the contrary, these activities will make your brain stronger and quicker than ever. Thinking Games are challenges that will make the wheels inside your head turn! They're the perfect example that games aren't just a way to mindlessly pass the time. 10+ TRINKETS AND ARTIFACTS for extra action - show them who reigns! LEVEL UP YOUR HEROES and upgrade their battle abilities 15 Powerful HEROES who will, without hesitation, rush into action at your command Heroes, tactics, strategy games, enemies and legendary td boss fights! Show them all who the best army game commander is! If you love strategy games, medieval adventure, fantasy games, tower defense electrifying action - then Kingdom Rush Vengeance is the ideal td challenge for you to test your game plan! Kingdom Rush Vengeance will give you hours and hours of td games and gameplay in this amazing offline tower defense game. Rush into battle as you unlock and switch between crazy new strategic towers.Ĭommand legendary heroes and conquer all the achievements using your tower defense strategy, tactics and expertise on the td fantasy games genre. HEARD ON THE MEDIA: "For veteran Kingdom Rush players and newcomers alike, the charm and strategy of the franchise remains with Kingdom Rush: Vengeance, making it one of the best mobile games of 2018!"-Polygon "Kingdom Rush Vengeance is the biggest and baddest the series has been."-148Apps "Players with any affinity for tower-defense games are going to enjoy every second they spend with Kingdom Rush Vengeance!"-Pocket gamer "The game is intensely engaging with a light-hearted tone that makes it a real pleasure to jump into.Heads up army commander! Kingdom Rush Vengeance is here! Play this tower defense strategy game and show the kingdom who is boss! Create your strategy, build your army and conquer the kingdom!Ĭommand your army, conquer amazing fantasy realms, and show them all who reigns over Linirea! Love strategy games? Kingdom Rush Vengeance is now available! Battle epic enemies, defend your tower and complete the td games challenge!įace and battle hordes of challenging enemies in this medieval offline tower defense virtual world adventure, as you clash against supreme boss fights. You can play Kingdom Rush Vengeance as your offline TD game of choice. PLAY OFFLINE - no internet connection required PLAY ANYWHERE - playing offline works, if your wifi doesn’t Orcs, goblins, demons, dark knights, zombies and many more! Choose your favorites and mix them to find the most deadly tower defense combination - secure the crown of the kingdom for Vez’nan. Help Vez’nan conquer new lands in the kingdom! Lead your powerful dark army and make the Kingdom tremble with each step. Vez’nan, the powerful almighty wizard has returned. 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Through the planning process, the surface of the wood is smoothed to create a uniform thickness. The AAF Flanders Pre-Pleat 40 LPD air filter offers high filtration to protect your HVAC. If you order 2X6 lumber, you will receive boards that are 1-1/2 inches thick and 5-1/2 inches wide. The actual dimensions of a 2×6 are 1.5 x 5.5. This filter will be made to the exact dimensions of 35 1/2 x 6 1/2 x 1. Order a free sample of our beyond composite lumber options today. The reason for this is that the boards are planed (or surfaced) on both sides and the thickness is measured after the board has been planed. Lumberocks mineral fill beyond composite lumber 2圆 boards are built to withstand even the toughest conditions. Afterward, hardware stores treat the lumber to make it smooth from all sides. 2X6 lumber is actually 1-1/2 inches by 5-1/2 inches. Generally, plans are measured after they have been rough sawn into their original shape. Why is the actual size of a 2×6 lumber smaller than its nominal size? The length of a nominally lengthened board of 12 feet will actually be 12 feet. There is no difference in the length of a 2×6 board whether it is nominal or actual.Ī 2×6 will have an actual length of 6 feet if its nominal length is 6 feet. Since 2×6 lumber at hardware stores is usually a little smaller than advertised, measure it carefully to ensure that you get the right 2×6 lumber for your project. Even though the lumber’s dimensions have decreased, they still refer to them as their original measurements. The actual size of a board is determined after it has been measured after planning. The hardware store sells lumber in two sizes: Nominal size refers to the dimensions of the lumber before it’s smoothed for all sides. And the measurement of the lumber is taken when it was freshly cut. The reason for this is that hardware stores sell lumber that has been planned. 667 board feet in 1 lineal foot of 2 x 4.The actual size of 2×6 lumber is 1 ½ x 5 ½ (38 x 140 mm), smaller than what is being advertised in hardware stores. Lumber can be purchased as dry or green, where dry lumber has been seasoned or dried to. This means when calculating board footage for 5/4" stock you must use 1.25 as the thickness instead of 1.įor example, to calculate the board footage of a 5/4 x 6-14' piece of material:Ĭompare this to the board foot calculation for a standard 14' board:Īnother way to quickly calculate board feet is to memorize the board feet in each lineal foot of standard dimensional material. Well, 2×8 nominal size has 2×8 lumber actual size of 1.5 x 7.25 inches. After drying, the width and height of 2圆 wood reduce by half an inch to the actual size. It's important to remember that 5/4 stack-like deck plank, is considered thicker than 1" stock. Nominally, 2圆 is 2 inches and 6 inches thick and wide, respectively. To calculate the board footage in an 84 piece unit of 2 x * - 12: To calculate the board footage for a number of pieces at one time: Thickness x Width x Length / 12 = Board Feet This added spacing is based upon the structural ability of the 2X6 to. It's important for you to know and understand how to calculate board feet and board feet pricing for your sawmill business. The actual dimension of 2×6 inches measures 1 1/2 x 5 1/2 inches or 38×140 mm. The determination of actual lumber strength, based upon size and material is best. Sawmillers and most suppliers use board feet as a unit of wood measurement. It has helped millions of learners to develop their English skills for work and study, and leads the way to more confident, successful communication in English. The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is the world’s bestselling advanced-level dictionary for learners of English. A purchase is required to access the full content and all features.Ī one-stop dictionary reference app for learners of English! The following products are available: o It costs over £100.This free download includes a preview of each of the three dictionaries. Will not rise used with numbers, ages, time: He's over 50. (P 23, 24) bend the body, as to lean forward to lean over a fence to lean out of a window. bend the upper part of the body and support The Leaning oneself on the el- Tower of Pisa bows). Trees that lean over in the (P 23> 24) wind, rest on or against inīows (i. Or leant ) (P 21, 23) slope or incline be out of the perpendicular, direct speech coming too, 'she told him.Īnd muscle (of meat) containing not productive of poor no fat quality, as a lean harvest lean years (i.e. Verb + noun phrase + noun phrase They elected him president. + wh- clause wonder what the job will be like. + noun phrase + wh- clause asked him where the hall was. Without 'to' Didyou hear the phone ring? + noun phrase + that clause Canyou remind me that I need to buy some milk? verb Key to verb patterns Verbs used with clauses or phrases Shows a trademark of a manufacturing company, for example Band-Aid, Frisbee. Saying describes a well-known fixed or traditional phrase, such as a proverb, that is used to make aĬomment, give advice, etc., for example actions speak louder than words. Old use describes expressions that are no longer in current use, for example ere, perchance. Specialize in particular subject areas, for Old-fashioned expressions are passing out of current use, for example balderdash, beanfeast. Taboo expressions are likely to be thought by many people to be obscene or shocking. Including Ireland, Scotland or Wales, for example In particular regions of the British Isles, not dialect describes expressions that are mainly The following labels show other restrictions on the use of words. Who have the same interests or do the same job. Race, religion, sex or disabilities, for half-caste, slut. Offensive expressions are used by some people to address or refer to people in a way that is very insulting, especially in connection with their Is used in a non-literal or metaphorical way, as in He didn't want to castįormal expressions are usually only used in serious or official language and would not be appropriate in normal everyday conversation. Words to mean the opposite meaning that they seem to have, as in You're a great help, I must say! (= no help at all). Informal expressions are used between friends or in a relaxed or unofficial situation. The following labels are used with words that express a particular attitude or are appropriate in a particular situation.Īpproving expressions show that you feel approval or admiration, for example/eisty, petite.ĭisapproving expressions show that you feel disapproval or contempt, for example blinkered, Shows a synonym shows a word from the Oxford 3000 (seepage R99) Headword (af f ect), shows where a word can be broken in Types of nouns are used, look at the Study pages Shows new part of speech derivative(s) section of South-East Asian English English from the United States Nary you can trust - 30 million copies sold Sam is controlled from a third-person perspective, and it’s his job to walk around well-rendered environments. There are a fair amount of interesting ideas on display here. The first of these has him running through doorways marked with words that need to be successfully navigated. Then there are the game’s “panic attack” sections that function almost like mini-games that symbolize Sam calming himself. All of it is logical and fits into the game well. As the plot of Twin Mirror moves forward, there are additional scenarios where Sam will use his abilities to plan out his future actions as opposed to understanding past events. Otherwise, the resulting scenario that Sam runs through will be inaccurate and he’ll point out that it simply doesn’t add up logically. You can only select a correct answer to these, but you’ll need to do so by deducing what exactly happened and marking specific elements correctly. The Sherlock Holmes-esque nature of him putting the various details together is undeniably interesting, however. These are boilerplate adventure game sections where you merely walk around to find all the evidence in order to progress. Here, he can wander a desolate, fractured space to relive his own memories or piece together clues to form a working understanding of what exactly took place during a given scenario. Sam very much lives in his own head, which grants him access to what Twin Mirror refers to as his Mind Palace. These come with their own bits of flavor, thankfully. The largest choices you’ll come across are binary in nature and there’s far less room for maneuvering during the actual gameplay segments. Many of these aren’t particularly impactful on the way the story plays out, however. You can choose many of Sam’s responses, which characters will react to in different ways. The game plays out in chapters where you’ll investigate locations, talk to other characters, and plan out events. Twin Mirror is a fairly standard narrative game in most respects. This twin is empathetic and offers much advice to Sam on how to navigate the parts of his life he doesn’t have such a strong grasp on. He often turns to help from his twin: a man that looks just like him that only he can see. He’s cold, distant, and more than a little selfish. But Twin Mirror is an unabashed success at weaving its primary themes into the core of all aspects of its narrative. The story is fairly trite and the characters, while defined enough to carry the plot forward, aren’t all that interesting. What follows requires Sam to think hard about what’s truly important to him as he chases threads that could unravel the quiet tranquility that the town’s residents are familiar with. The daughter of the deceased, Joan, informs Sam that her father’s death may not be as cut-and-dry as it seems and implores him to look into it. But when a close friend dies, he reluctantly finds himself back again to pay his respects. Sam Higgs is an investigative journalist who swore to never return to his small, insulated home town. Twin Mirror is predicated on what I like to refer to as a default storyline. The game may not be all that long or have the most original premise or setting, but the questions it asks are well worth pondering, regardless of if we appreciate the answers it reflects. The trails we blaze may leave brush fires in our wake that threaten to grow and spread to the surrounding areas. Is it truly better to seek out truth or comfort? Much like reality, Twin Mirror offers no easy answers. The struggle between objectivity and sentimentality is even more relevant in today’s turbulent news cycle than it’s been in recent times. |